Coagulopathies that can occur associated with cardiopulmonary bypass include which of the following?

Coagulopathies that can occur in association with cardiopulmonary bypass are indeed a critical consideration during cardiac surgery. Cardiopulmonary bypass can significantly alter hemostatic mechanisms, leading to various coagulopathies.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a complex disorder characterized by the systemic activation of the coagulation cascade, resulting in the formation of small blood clots throughout the body's blood vessels. This condition can occur as a result of the inflammatory response activated by cardiopulmonary bypass.

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an immune-mediated reaction to heparin that can lead to a paradoxical increase in thrombosis. Patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass are often treated with heparin, which can precipitate HIT, showcasing another aspect of hemostatic dysregulation that can occur post-surgery.

Heparin rebound is a phenomenon where, after the cessation of heparin, there is a notable increase in circulating heparin levels due to the release from the endothelium, which can complicate the management of coagulation and increase the risk of bleeding postoperatively.

Since all of these conditions—DIC, HIT, and heparin rebound