How does pain and agitation following surgery typically affect postoperative blood pressure?

Following surgery, pain and agitation are common physiological responses that can significantly impact various bodily functions, including blood pressure. When a patient experiences pain, the body reacts by activating the sympathetic nervous system, which triggers the release of stress hormones like epinephrine and norepinephrine. This hormonal response leads to an increase in heart rate and peripheral vascular resistance, resulting in elevated blood pressure.

Similarly, agitation can also stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, compounding the effect of pain on blood pressure levels. Patients who are agitated may have an exaggerated response to stress, further contributing to an increase in blood pressure.

In summary, the correct choice reflects the understanding that both pain and agitation post-surgery typically stimulate the body's stress response, leading to an increase in blood pressure. This is an important consideration for postoperative management, as elevated blood pressure can impact recovery and may require appropriate interventions.