What is a significant risk factor for the development of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery?

All of the listed factors are significant risk factors for the development of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery. Advanced age is a well-established risk factor; older patients often have multiple comorbidities and alterations in cardiac structure and function that predispose them to atrial fibrillation.

Having a previous history of atrial fibrillation further increases the likelihood of its occurrence postoperatively, as patients with prior episodes may have underlying electrical conduction abnormalities that can be exacerbated by the stress of surgery.

Increased left atrial size is another important contributor because it is often associated with chronic pressure or volume overload, often seen in conditions like mitral valve disease or heart failure, making the atrium more susceptible to the arrhythmogenic triggers that can lead to fibrillation.

Since each of these factors contributes to the risk of developing atrial fibrillation, they collectively underscore that a multifaceted approach should be taken in evaluating and managing postoperative patients.