What is true regarding mechanical heart valves?

Mechanical heart valves are designed for longevity and durability, which is one of their key advantages. These valves are made of materials such as metal and ceramic, which are significantly more resistant to wear and tear compared to biological (tissue) valves. As a result, they offer excellent durability, often lasting many years without needing replacement.

However, because of their design and the materials used, mechanical heart valves pose a risk of thrombus formation (blood clots). To mitigate this risk, patients with mechanical valves are required to take anticoagulants, such as warfarin, for life. This anticoagulation therapy is essential to prevent blood clots that could lead to serious complications, including stroke.

The combination of requiring lifelong anticoagulation and offering increased durability makes mechanical heart valves a significant option for patients, particularly younger individuals who may require a valve replacement that lasts a long time. Understanding these properties is vital in surgical decision-making and postoperative management for patients undergoing valve replacement surgery.